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Here's a more detailed explanation of what different types of wall cracks might mean, why they happen, and how to determine if they point to foundation problems or are harmless:
𧱠1. Not All Wall Cracks Are Serious
Many cracks are simply part of the natural aging and settling of a home. Homes expand and contract with temperature and humidity changes, and minor materials shrink as they dry out. These cracks are usually cosmetic and can be patched easily.
Common Benign Cracks:
- Hairline cracks in plaster or paint, especially in new homes (within the first few years).
- Cracks near doors and windows due to slight shifts in the wall framing or plaster drying.
- Straight vertical cracks that don’t grow over time and are under 3 mm wide.
- Cracks in drywall or plaster from poor workmanship or old age.
These are not usually signs of foundation trouble.
⚠️ 2. Cracks That Can Signal Foundation Problems
Foundation-related cracks usually result from movement in the ground underneath the house. This could be due to:
- Soil expansion/contraction (common in areas with clay soils)
- Water damage or poor drainage
- Earth tremors
- Tree roots or excavations nearby
- Poor initial construction
Warning Signs of Foundation Movement:
- Stair-step cracks in brick or block walls – this is a red flag.
- Wide diagonal cracks near doors or corners of windows.
- Horizontal cracks in foundation or retaining walls – may indicate pressure from soil.
- Cracks wider than 5 mm (the width of a pencil) – especially if they keep growing.
- Cracks on both interior and exterior walls in the same area.
- Accompanying signs of distress, such as:
- Sloping or uneven floors
- Doors and windows sticking or not closing properly
- Gaps between walls and ceiling/floor
- Cracks appearing suddenly after heavy rain or drought
These types of cracks require professional evaluation – preferably by a structural engineer or geotechnical specialist.
π 3. How to Monitor Cracks
If you're unsure whether a crack is serious:
- Mark the end of the crack with a pencil and note the date.
- Measure its width with a ruler.
- Check again after a few weeks or months. If it grows, it could indicate movement.
π§ 4. Who to Call for Help
- Cosmetic cracks → A handyman or plasterer can fix.
- Cracks with structural signs → Call a structural engineer or a building inspector.
- Cracks with water damage → You may also need a drainage or waterproofing expert.
πΏπ¦ In the South African Context:
In South Africa, clay soils (common in places like Gauteng and parts of KZN) are prone to expanding and contracting with moisture levels, which can cause foundation movement. Also, informal or substandard construction may increase the chance of structural cracks.
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