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The Company’s Garden is not just another green space in Cape Town’s CBD. It is where the city quite literally began to feed itself. Long before Cape Town became a modern metropolis, this stretch of land at the foot of Table Mountain was a working garden, carved out of necessity rather than beauty.
When Jan van Riebeeck and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) arrived in 1652, the Cape was never intended to be a city. It was a pit stop. Ships travelling between Europe and the East Indies needed fresh food, clean water, and a place to recover from months at sea. The Company’s Garden was established to solve that problem. It produced vegetables, fruit, herbs, and medicinal plants for sailors suffering from scurvy and malnutrition. Survival, not aesthetics, drove its creation.
In those early years, the garden was tightly controlled. It was fenced, guarded, and run with military precision. Slaves, indigenous Khoi labourers, and Company employees worked the land under harsh conditions. This is an uncomfortable but unavoidable part of its history. The Garden was productive, but it was also a symbol of colonial power and control over land and labour.
As the Cape settlement stabilised in the late 1600s, the Garden began to change. Under governors like Simon van der Stel, food production slowly gave way to experimentation and beauty. Exotic plants were introduced, oak trees were planted along what is now Government Avenue, and the Garden became a place of scientific interest. Botanists used it to catalogue South African flora long before conservation was a concept. In this phase, the Garden became both practical and prestigious — a reflection of European order imposed on African soil.
By the 18th and 19th centuries, Cape Town had outgrown its original purpose. Farms outside the city took over food production, and the Garden shrank as land was claimed for churches, government buildings, museums, and Parliament. The British, after taking control of the Cape, further reshaped it into a “pleasure garden” — a space for walking, reflection, and public use rather than work. This marked a fundamental shift: the Garden stopped feeding ships and started serving people.
The 20th century cemented the Company’s Garden as a civic and cultural space. Memorials were added, including the Delville Wood War Memorial. Roses, lawns, ponds, and shaded benches transformed it into a quiet refuge from an increasingly busy city. In 1962, it was declared a National Monument, acknowledging that its value was no longer agricultural, but historical and symbolic.
Today, the Company’s Garden is a rare thing: a calm, green sanctuary surrounded by power. Parliament, museums, courts, and historic institutions all border it. It tells the full, unfiltered story of Cape Town — from colonial ambition and exploitation to public space, preservation, and shared heritage. It is not perfect, and it should not be romanticised without context. But it remains one of the most important pieces of land in South Africa’s urban history.
You are not just walking through a park when you enter the Company’s Garden. You are walking through layers of economic survival, colonial expansion, scientific curiosity, political authority, and modern urban life — all compressed into a few hectares of green.
Lake Properties Pro-Tip
When assessing property in or around Cape Town’s CBD, proximity to long-established heritage spaces like the Company’s Garden matters more than buyers realise. These areas are highly protected from over-development, maintain long-term desirability, and anchor surrounding property values. History stabilises real estate — trends don’t.
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info@lakeproperties.co.za
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